Analysis Incarnate

15 Aug 2020

This is a quick proof of Euler’s formula without the use of the Taylor Series.

Even with the imaginary number i, this equation is differentiable, so we can take the derivative of :

Using the quotient rule, we end up with :

The derivative of f(x) is ie^(iphi), and the derivative of g(x) is e^(iphi). Let’s focus on the numerator. Distributing the respective pairs, we get :

As you can see, the derivative of f(x)=0, and the only function whose derivative is zero is a constant. Let’s call our constant c. If we find a value for c, we know the value is the same for the entire equation, because it’s a constant. If we plug “0” into the equation that we originally derived :

After simplifying, we end up with (1/1), because e^(i0) is one, isin(0) is zero, and cos(0) is one. Since we know that c is a constant, the value of f(x) remains the same.

After we simplify, we are done :)